What is arc lighting?

Arc lighting refers to a method of creating light by generating an electrical arc between two conductive contacts, traditionally made of carbon. When a voltage is applied, a controlled short circuit occurs, creating a high-temperature plasma that emits bright light. This phenomenon is primarily utilized in applications where intense illumination is needed, such as stage lighting or for street lamps in the past.

The other options represent different concepts. Emergency lighting typically refers to systems designed to illuminate pathways during power outages, solar energy systems utilize sunlight for electricity and sound generation methods do not relate to lighting techniques. Thus, the choice that accurately defines arc lighting is the one concerning the controlled short circuit created across two carbon contacts.