What is one of the main purposes of high-voltage transmission systems, such as 500 kV?

High-voltage transmission systems, like those operating at 500 kV, are primarily designed to minimize energy losses during the transmission of electrical power over long distances. When electricity is transmitted at high voltages, the current flowing through the conductors is reduced. According to the principles of electrical transmission, power losses due to resistance in the wires are proportional to the square of the current. Therefore, by using high voltage, the same amount of power can be transmitted with significantly less current, resulting in reduced resistive losses. This is a crucial aspect of ensuring the efficiency of the power grid and is one of the main reasons why high-voltage transmission is preferred for long distances.

Other options do not align with the primary purpose of high-voltage transmission systems. Converting AC to DC is related to different applications within the grid, typically involving power electronics rather than the transport of energy itself through high-voltage lines. Local power distribution is generally managed at lower voltages where energy is utilized closer to the consumers. Increasing the frequency of power supply is not a function of transmission systems, as standard transmission systems operate at a fixed frequency (e.g., 60 Hz in the U.S.). Instead, the objective is to maintain a stable and effective delivery of power