What is the primary purpose of a substation in the electrical power distribution system?

The primary purpose of a substation in the electrical power distribution system is to transform voltage levels, distribute power, and provide switching capabilities. Substations play a critical role in ensuring that electricity generated at power plants is appropriately transformed to higher voltages for efficient long-distance transmission. This step helps to minimize energy losses during transmission.

Once the electricity reaches its destination, substations also reduce the voltage to safer levels suitable for distribution to residential, commercial, and industrial users. Additionally, they facilitate the switching between different power lines, allowing for reliable operation and maintenance, as well as the ability to reroute power in case of faults or maintenance activities.

The other options do not accurately describe the broader roles of substations. Generating electricity is primarily the function of power plants, rather than substations, which focus on voltage transformation and power distribution. Similarly, while energy storage can be part of an energy management system, it is not a fundamental function of a traditional substation. Lastly, while some substations can connect to renewable energy sources, they are not limited to this task; they are essential in connecting all types of power generation to the distribution grid.